Reading the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Today’s cars are smaller, safer, cleaner, and more economical than their predecessors, but the car of the future will be far more pollution-free than those on the road today. Several new types of automobile engines have already been developed than run on alternative sources of power, such as electricity, compressed natural gas, methanol, steam, hydrogen, and propane. Electricity, however, is the only zero-emission option presently available.
Although electric vehicles will not be truly practical until a powerful, compact battery or other dependable source of current is available, transport experts foresee a new assortment of electric vehicles entering everyday life: shorter-range commuter electric cars, three-wheeled neighborhood cars, electric delivery vans, bikes and trolleys.
As automakers work to develop practical electrical vehicles, urban planners and utility engineers are focusing on infrastructure systems to support and make the best use of the new cars. Public charging facilities will need to be as common as today’s gas stations. Public parking spots on the street or in commercial lots will need to be equipped with devices that allow drivers to charge their batteries while they stop, dine, or attend a concert. To encourage the use of electric vehicles, the most convenient parking in transportation centers might be reserved for electric cars.
Planners foresee electric shuttle buses, trains, buses and neighborhood vehicles all meeting at transit centers that would have facilities for charging and renting. Commuters will be able to rent a variety of electric cars to suit their needs: light trucks, one-person three-wheelers, small cars, or electric/gasoline hybrid cars for longer trips, which will no doubt take place on automated freeways capable of handling five times the number of vehicles that can be carried by freeway today.
Question 45: The following electrical vehicles are all mentioned in the passage EXCEPT
A. vans B. trains C. planes D. trolleys
Question 46: The author’s purpose in the passage is to
A. criticize conventional vehicles
B. support the invention of electric cars
C. narrate a story about alternative energy vehicles
D. describe the possibilities for transportation in the future
Question 47: The passage would most likely be followed by details about
A. automated freeways B. pollution restrictions in the future
C. the neighborhood of the future D. electric shuttle buses
Question 48: The word “compact” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. long-range B. inexpensive C. concentrated D. squared
Question 49: In the second paragraph, the author implies that
A. a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be developed.
B. everyday life will stay much the same in the future.
C. a single electric vehicle will eventually replace several modes of transportation
D. electric vehicles are not practical for the future
Question 50: According to the passage, public parking lots of the future will be
A. more convenient than they are today B. equipped with charging devices
C. much larger than they are today D. as common as today’s gas stations
Question 51: The word “charging” in this passage refers to
A. electricity B. credit cards C. aggression D. lightning
Question 52: The word “foresee” in this passage could best be replaced with
A. count on B. invent C. imagine D. rely on
Question 53: The word “commuters” in paragraph 4 refers to
A. daily travelers B. visitors C. cab drivers D. shoppers
Question 54: The word “hybrid” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. combination B. hazardous C. futuristic D. automated
Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer. Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth’s ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.
Certainly, there have been periods in Earth’s history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.
However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.
Question 55: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The variety of species found in tropical rain forests
B. The cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs
C. The time required for species to adapt to new environments
D. The impact of human activities on Earth’s ecosystems
Question 56: The word “critical” is closest in meaning to
A. essential B. negative C. complicated D. interesting Question 57: The word “jolting” is closest in meaning to
A. illuminating B. unknown C. shocking D. predicted
Question 58: The author mentions the reduction of the variety of species on Earth in line 7-8 to suggest that
A. humans are often made ill by polluted water
B. new habitats can be created for species
C. some species have been made extinct by human activity
D. understanding evolution can prevent certain species from disappearing
Question 59: The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans on the world’s ecosystems EXCEPT
A. damage to marine ecosystems
B. habitat destruction in wetlands
C. the introduction of new varieties of plant species
D. destruction of the tropical rain forests
Question 60: The author mentions the extinction of the dinosaurs in the 2nd paragraph to emphasize that ________________
A. not all mass extinctions have been caused by human activity
B. actions by humans could not stop the irreversible process of a species’ extinction
C. Earth’s climate has changed significantly since the dinosaurs’extinction
D. the cause of the dinosaurs’ extinction is unknown
Question 61: The word “magnitude” is closest in meaning to __________.
A. carelessness B. extent C. determination D. concern Question 62: According to the passage, natural evolutionary change is different from changes caused by humans in that changes caused by humans __________.
A. affect fewer ecosystems B. are occurring at a much faster rate C. are reversible D. are less devastating to most species
Question 63: Which of the following can best replace “in flux” ?
A. breaking B. producing C. changing D. increasing
Question 64: With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A. The extinction of a few species is an acceptable consequence of human progress.
B. Technology will provide solutions to problems caused by the destruction of ecosystems.
C. Human influence on ecosystems should not be a factor in determining public policy.
D. Humans should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems.

Question

Reading the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 
Today’s cars are smaller, safer, cleaner, and more economical than their predecessors, but the car of the future will be far more pollution-free than those on the road today. Several new types of automobile engines have already been developed than run on alternative sources of power, such as electricity, compressed natural gas, methanol, steam, hydrogen, and propane. Electricity, however, is the only zero-emission option presently available. 
Although electric vehicles will not be truly practical until a powerful, compact battery or other dependable source of current is available, transport experts foresee a new assortment of electric vehicles entering everyday life: shorter-range commuter electric cars, three-wheeled neighborhood cars, electric delivery vans, bikes and trolleys. 
As automakers work to develop practical electrical vehicles, urban planners and utility engineers are focusing on infrastructure systems to support and make the best use of the new cars. Public charging facilities will need to be as common as today’s gas stations. Public parking spots on the street or in commercial lots will need to be equipped with devices that allow drivers to charge their batteries while they stop, dine, or attend a concert. To encourage the use of electric vehicles, the most convenient parking in transportation centers might be reserved for electric cars. 
Planners foresee electric shuttle buses, trains, buses and neighborhood vehicles all meeting at transit centers that would have facilities for charging and renting. Commuters will be able to rent a variety of electric cars to suit their needs: light trucks, one-person three-wheelers, small cars, or electric/gasoline hybrid cars for longer trips, which will no doubt take place on automated freeways capable of handling five times the number of vehicles that can be carried by freeway today. 
Question 45: The following electrical vehicles are all mentioned in the passage EXCEPT 
 	A. vans 	B. trains 	C. planes 	D. trolleys 
Question 46: The author’s purpose in the passage is to 
A.	criticize conventional vehicles 	 
B.	support the invention of electric cars 
C.	narrate a story about alternative energy vehicles 	 
D.	describe the possibilities for transportation in the future 
Question 47: The passage would most likely be followed by details about 
 	A. automated freeways 	B. pollution restrictions in the future 
 	C. the neighborhood of the future 	D. electric shuttle buses 
Question 48: The word “compact” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to 
 	A. long-range 	B. inexpensive 	C. concentrated 	D. squared 
Question 49: In the second paragraph, the author implies that 
A.	a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be developed. 
B.	everyday life will stay much the same in the future. 
C.	a single electric vehicle will eventually replace several modes of transportation 
D.	electric vehicles are not practical for the future 
Question 50: According to the passage, public parking lots of the future will be 
 	A. more convenient than they are today 	B. equipped with charging devices  
 	C. much larger than they are today 	D. as common as today’s gas stations 
Question 51: The word “charging” in this passage refers to 
 	A. electricity 	B. credit cards 	C. aggression 	D. lightning 
Question 52: The word “foresee” in this passage could best be replaced with 
 	A. count on 	B. invent 	C. imagine 	D. rely on 
Question 53: The word “commuters” in paragraph 4 refers to 
 	A. daily travelers 	B. visitors 	C. cab drivers 	D. shoppers 
Question 54: The word “hybrid” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to 
	A. combination 	B. hazardous 	C. futuristic 	D. automated 
Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer.   Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth’s ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution. 
Certainly, there have been periods in Earth’s history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out. 
However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments. 
Question 55: What does the passage mainly discuss? 
A.	The variety of species found in tropical rain forests 
B.	The cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs 
C.	The time required for species to adapt to new environments 
D.	The impact of human activities on Earth’s ecosystems 
Question 56: The word “critical” is closest in meaning to 
A. essential                    B. negative               C. complicated          D. interesting Question 57: The word “jolting” is closest in meaning to 
A. illuminating              B. unknown             C. shocking                D. predicted 
Question 58: The author mentions the reduction of the variety of species on Earth in line 7-8 to suggest that 
A.	humans are often made ill by polluted water 
B.	new habitats can be created for species 
C.	some species have been made extinct by human activity 
D.	understanding evolution can prevent certain species from disappearing 
Question 59:  The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans on the world’s ecosystems EXCEPT 
A.	damage to marine ecosystems  	 	 	 
B.	habitat destruction in wetlands 
C.	the introduction of new varieties of plant species 	 
D.	destruction of the tropical rain forests 
Question 60:  The author mentions the extinction of the dinosaurs in the 2nd paragraph to emphasize that ________________ 
A.	not all mass extinctions have been caused by human activity 
B.	actions by humans could not stop the irreversible process of a species’ extinction 
C.	Earth’s climate has changed significantly since the dinosaurs’extinction 
D.	the cause of the dinosaurs’ extinction is unknown 
Question 61:  The word “magnitude” is closest in meaning to __________. 
  	A. carelessness                B. extent             C. determination              D. concern Question 62: According to the passage, natural evolutionary change is different from changes caused by humans in that changes caused by humans __________. 
     	A. affect fewer ecosystems                        B. are occurring at a much faster rate      	C. are reversible                                         D. are less devastating to most species 
Question 63: Which of the following can best replace “in flux” ? 
A.	breaking               B. producing             C. changing              D. increasing 
Question 64:  With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A. The extinction of a few species is an acceptable consequence of human progress. 
B.	Technology will provide solutions to problems caused by the destruction of ecosystems. 
C.	Human influence on ecosystems should not be a factor in determining public policy. 
D.	Humans  should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems.

Selina Han · Accepted Answer

Question 55: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The variety of species found in tropical rain forests
B. The cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs
C. The time required for species to adapt to new environments
D. The impact of human activities on Earth’s ecosystems
Answer: D. The impact of human activities on Earth’s ecosystems
Explanation: The passage primarily focuses on the impact of human activities on Earth's ecosystems, particularly their role in causing biological devastation.

Question 56: The word “critical” is closest in meaning to
A. essential B. negative C. complicated D. interesting
Answer: A. essential
Explanation: In this context, "critical" means essential or crucial. The passage discusses biological diversity as an important conservation issue.

Question 57: The word “jolting” is closest in meaning to
A. illuminating B. unknown C. shocking D. predicted
Answer: C. shocking
Explanation: "Jolting" means causing shock or surprise, which fits the context of the high rate of species extinctions in tropical rain forests.

Question 58: The author mentions the reduction of the variety of species on Earth in line 7-8 to suggest that
A. humans are often made ill by polluted water
B. new habitats can be created for species
C. some species have been made extinct by human activity
D. understanding evolution can prevent certain species from disappearing
Answer: C. some species have been made extinct by human activity
Explanation: The reduction of the variety of species on Earth suggests that some species have been made extinct by human activity, aligning with the discussion on the impact of humans on Earth's ecosystems.

Question 59: The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans on the world’s ecosystems EXCEPT
A. damage to marine ecosystems
B. habitat destruction in wetlands
C. the introduction of new varieties of plant species
D. destruction of the tropical rain forests
Answer: C. the introduction of new varieties of plant species
Explanation: The passage discusses habitat destruction, damage to marine ecosystems, and destruction of tropical rain forests as examples of the effect of humans on ecosystems, but it does not mention the deliberate introduction of new plant species.

Question 60: The author mentions the extinction of the dinosaurs in the 2nd paragraph to emphasize that ________________
A. not all mass extinctions have been caused by human activity
B. actions by humans could not stop the irreversible process of a species’ extinction
C. Earth’s climate has changed significantly since the dinosaurs’ extinction
D. the cause of the dinosaurs’ extinction is unknown
Answer: A. not all mass extinctions have been caused by human activity
Explanation: The author mentions the extinction of the dinosaurs to highlight that mass extinctions have occurred in Earth's history due to various causes, not solely human activity.

Question 61: The word “magnitude” is closest in meaning to __________.
A. carelessness B. extent C. determination D. concern
Answer: B. extent
Explanation: "Magnitude" refers to the great size, extent, or importance of something.

Question 62: According to the passage, natural evolutionary change is different from changes caused by humans in that changes caused by humans __________.
A. affect fewer ecosystems B. are occurring at a much faster rate C. are reversible D. are less devastating to most species
Answer: B. are occurring at a much faster rate
Explanation: The passage states that human-induced changes are occurring at a much faster rate than natural evolutionary change.

Question 63: Which of the following can best replace “in flux” ?
A. breaking B. producing C. changing D. increasing
Answer: C. changing
Explanation: "In flux" means in a state of continuous change or fluctuation.

Question 64: With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?
A. The extinction of a few species is an acceptable consequence of human progress.
B. Technology will provide solutions to problems caused by the destruction of ecosystems.
C. Human influence on ecosystems should not be a factor in determining public policy.
D. Humans should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems.
Answer: D. Humans should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems.
Explanation: Throughout the passage, the author highlights the negative impact of human activities on Earth's ecosystems and the need for awareness and conservation efforts. Therefore, the author would most likely agree that humans should be more conscious of their influence on ecosystems.

Timi · Answer

Question 45: The following electrical vehicles are all mentioned in the passage EXCEPT 
C. planes

Question 46: The author’s purpose in the passage is to 
D. describe the possibilities for transportation in the future

Question 47: The passage would most likely be followed by details about 
A. automated freeways

Question 48: The word “compact” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to 
C. concentrated

Question 49: In the second paragraph, the author implies that 
A. a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be developed.

Question 50: According to the passage, public parking lots of the future will be 
B. equipped with charging devices

Question 51: The word “charging” in this passage refers to 
A. electricity

Question 52: The word “foresee” in this passage could best be replaced with 
C. imagine

Question 53: The word “commuters” in paragraph 4 refers to 
A. daily travelers

Question 54: The word “hybrid” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. combination

For the second set of questions:

Question 55: What does the passage mainly discuss? 
D. The impact of human activities on Earth’s ecosystems

Question 56: The word “critical” is closest in meaning to
A. essential

Question 57: The word “jolting” is closest in meaning to
C. shocking

Question 58: The author mentions the reduction of the variety of species on Earth in line 7-8 to suggest that
C.some species have been made extinct by human activity

Question 59:The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans on the world’s ecosystems EXCEPT
C.the introduction of new varieties of plant species

Question60:The author mentions the extinction of dinosaurs in paragraph two to emphasize that
A.not all mass extinctions have been caused by human activity

Question61:The word "magnitude" is closest in meaning to
B.extent

Question62:According to the passage, natural evolutionary change is different from changes caused by humans in that changes caused by humans
B.are occurring at a much faster rate

Question63:The best replacement for "in flux" would be:
C.changing

Question64:The statement with which the author would most likely agree is:
D.Humans should be more conscious of their influence on ecosystems

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