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To determine the word with a different pronunciation, we need to analyze the stress patterns of the words given.
Question 11:
A. mechanic: mɪˈkænɪk (stress on the second syllable)
B. chemist: ˈkɛmɪst (stress on the first syllable)
C. architect: ˈɑrkətɛkt (stress on the first syllable)
D. bachelor: ˈbæʧələr (stress on the first syllable)
The words 'chemist', 'architect', and 'bachelor' have the stress on the first syllable, while 'mechanic' has the stress on the second syllable. However, we can see that three words have the stress on the first syllable and one word has the stress on the second syllable, but that is not the only difference. Looking at the stress patterns isn't enough in this case.
Another way to look at this is by looking at the actual sound and not the stress pattern. Here, A is the only word whose 'ch' makes a different sound (/k/ sound) compared to the others.
However, a deeper look into 'mechanic' and 'chemist', they both have a similar /k/ sound at the beginning of 'chemist' but /k/ is made by a different letter in 'mechanic'. Then a more precise distinction could be that words in A, B, C are made up of Greek roots, and word D does not.
But in terms of phonetics (not phonology, etymology, or morphology) we can observe that there is a word that has a different vowel pattern compared to the others: 'chemist' and 'architect' both have an 'e' in the first syllable with the 'e' being in the /ɛ/ sound, and 'bachelor' has an 'a' in the first syllable which is in the /æ/ sound, 'mechanic' also has the same /æ/ sound.
That is still not accurate. If we really want to do a precise job of looking at pronunciation, here the actual difference lies in the quality of the first vowel in 'mechanic' (mɪˈkænɪk), 'chemist' (ˈkɛmɪst), 'architect' (ˈɑrkətɛkt), and 'bachelor' (ˈbæʧələr).
To really choose the odd one out of the four words in the question, if we really want to be phonetically accurate: the quality of the vowel /ɛ/ in chemist, /ɑ/ in architect, /æ/ in mechanic and bachelor are all distinct from one another but a stronger argument could be made that the /ɪ/ sound in 'mechanic' is not the same as the vowel /ɛ/, /ɑ/, and /æ/ sound, so it seems the other three words don't share the same first vowel sound quality.
So B. chemist, C. architect, and D. bachelor do not have a first vowel sound of /ɪ/, and share first vowel sounds of the /æ/, /ɑ/, and /ɛ/ sound, excluding the 'ɪ' quality of 'mechanic'.
The best answer is A.
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Question 12:
A. lucky: ˈləki (contains /ʊ/ or the 'u' sound)
B. study: ˈstədi (contains the schwa sound /ə/)
C. trust: trəst (contains the schwa sound /ə/)
D. duty: ˈduti (contains the /u/ or 'u' sound but not the same 'u' sound as in 'lucky')
We see that the words 'study' and 'trust' both contain the schwa sound /ə/, while the other two contain a 'u' sound. However, 'lucky' has the /ʊ/ sound and 'duty' has a different 'u' sound.
So we can observe the difference in the /ʊ/ sound and the /u/ sound which aren't exactly the same.
The best answer is C.