

03/12/2025
04/12/2025
I. Complete the sentences
1 Before leaving on his trip, Tom renewed his passport.
2 After inventing the light bulb, Thomas Edison went on to create many other useful inventions.
3 Before flying on a space mission, an astronaut will have undergone thousands of hours of training.
4 After studying the stars, the ancient Mayans in Central America developed a very accurate solar calendar.
5 After learning that cigarettes cause cancer, many people have stopped smoking.
6 That medicine can be poisonous when taken in excessive amounts.
7 He took a wrong direction while driving to his uncle’s house and ended up back where he started.
8 After working with uranium, Marie Curie discovered two new elements, radium and polonium.
II. Reduce the adverb clause
1 Since opening his new business, he has been working 16 hours a day.
2 I turned off the lights before leaving the room.
3 While herding his goats in the mountains, an Ethiopian discovered the coffee plant more than 1,200 years ago.
4 Before marching into battle, ancient Ethiopian soldiers ate a mixture of raw coffee beans and fat for extra energy.
5 After meeting the film star in person, I understood why she was so popular.
6 Having searched through all my pockets, I found my keys.
7 When first brought to Europe, the tomato was thought to be poisonous.
8 Since first imported into Australia many years ago, the rabbit has become a serious pest.
III. Reduce the adverb clause if possible
1 After stopping playing, the audience stood up and clapped enthusiastically.
2 Driving to work in the rain, David’s car got a flat tyre.
3 While driving to work, David had a flat tyre.
4 Having worked hard in the garden all afternoon, Tom took a shower and then went to the cinema.
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02/12/2025