Cho mink xin dạng cấu trúc cuối kì II với ạ

1. Câu bị động đặc biệt:

1.1 Câu bị động với think/ believe/ say...:

a, + CĐ: S (People, They,.....) + say/ think/ believe... + that + .........

+ BĐ: S + is/ am/ are + said/ thought/ believed... + to V............

→ It + is/ am/ are + said/ thought/ believed... that + ............

b, + CĐ: S (People,They,.....) + said/ thought/ believed... + that....

+ BĐ: S + was/ were + said/ thought/ believed... + to have + V(pII)

→ It + was/ were + said/ thought/ believed... that + ............

Eg: - People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.

→ 13 is believed to be an unlucky number.

→ It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number.

- They thought that Mai had gone away.

→ Mai was thought to have gone away.

→ It was thought that Mai had gone away.

2. Câu bị động với "have":

+ CĐ: S + have/ has/ had + sb + V + st + .......

+ BĐ: S + have/ has/ had + st + V(pII) + (by sb)...

3. Câu bị động với "get":

+ CĐ: S + get/ gets/ got + sb + to V + st + .......

+ BĐ: S + get/ gets/ got + st + V(pII) + (by sb)...

4. Câu bị động với "make":

+ CĐ: S + make/ made + sb + V + st + ......

+ BĐ: S (sb) + is/ are/ / was/ were made + to V + st + ......

5. Need:

+ CĐ: S + need + to V + st + ........

+ BĐ: S (st) + need + to be V(pII).

→ S (st) + need + V-ing.

2. Câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp lớp 8 - Reported speech

I. Các dạng câu chuyển gián tiếp:

1.Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu:

- Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu có các dạng:

"(Don't) + V + ..... + (please)"

"Will/ Would/ Can/ Could + S + (not) + ...... + (please)?"

"Would you mind + (not) + V-ing + .....?"

=>S + told/ asked/ warned (cảnh báo)/ begged (cầu xin)/ ordered (ra lệnh)/ reminded (nhắc nhở) + O + (not) toV...

*Câu yêu cầu với động từ tường thuật "asked" có dạng:

-"I'd like + ........"

-"Can/ Could I have + ........"

Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta áp dụng công thức:

S + asked( + O) + for + st + .....

Eg: In the café,the man said: "I'd like a cup of tea".

=>The man asked for a cup of tea.

2. Lời khuyên:

-Lời khuyên có các dạng:

"S + should(not)/ ought (not) to/ had better(not) + V + ........"

"Why don't you + V + ......."

"If I were you, I would + V + ......."

=>S1 + said + (to + O) + that + S2 + should + V + .......

=>S + a dvised/ encouraged (khuyến khích) + O + to V + .......

-"Why don't you take off your coat?"She said.

=>She advised me to take off my coat.

-"If I were you,I would stop smoking"He said.

=>He advised me to stop smoking.

-"Go on,apply for the job"Mrs.Smith said.

=> Mrs.Smith encouraged me to apply for the job"

3.Câu trần thuật:

Câu trần thuật có dạng: "S + V(s/ es/ ed/ pI/ pII) + ......."

=>S + said + that + S + V(lùi thì) + .........

4.Câu hỏi:

a,Yes/ No questions:

Yes/ No question có dạng: "Trợ động từ + S + V + .....?"

=>S1 + asked + O + if/ whether + S2(O) + V(lùi thì) + ......

Eg: "Do you like SNSD?" Seohyun said to Kyuhyun.

=> Seohyun asked Kyuhyun if/ whether he liked SNSD.

b,Wh questions:

Wh questions có dạng: "Wh + trợ động từ + S + V + .....?"

=>S1 + asked + O + Wh + S2(O) + V(lùi thì) + .......

Eg: "Where will you go tomorrow?" She said.

=>She asked me Where I would go the next day.

5.Lời mời,gợi ý:

a, Lời mời:

Lời mời có dạng: "Would you like + Noun/ toV + ......?"

=>S + invited + O + toV + ......

b,Lời gợi ý:

Lời gợi ý có dạng:

"Let's + V + .....!"= "Shall we + V + .....?"

"What/ How about + V-ing/ N + ......?"

"Why don't we/ you + V + ....?"

* Nếu chủ ngữ tham gia vào hành động.( "Let's + V + .....!" ; "Shall we + V + .....?" ;

"What/ How about + V-ing/ N + ......?" "Why don't we + V + ....?"):

=>S + suggested + V-ing + ......

* Nếu chủ ngữ không tham gia vào hành động mà chỉ gợi ý cho người khác.( "Why don't you + V + ....?")

=>S1 + suggested + that + S2 + should + V + ......

Eg:-"Let's go to the movies" The boy said.

=>The boy suggested going to the movies.

-"Why don't you go out for a drink?"Trung said to Nga.

=>Trung suggested that Nga should go out for a drink.

c,Những câu có dạng:

"I'll + V + ..... + if you like."

"Shall/ Can/ Could I + V + ....?"

"Would you like me + toV + .....?"

Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta sử dụng động từ tường thuật "offered" công thức:

S + offered + toV + ....... + if you like.

6. Câu cảm thán:

-Câu cảm thán có dạng:

"What + (a/ an) + adj + Noun!"

"How + adj + S + V!"

=>S1 + exclaimed + that + S2 + V/ be(lùi thì) + ........

7. Lời nhắc nhở:.

8. Sự đồng ý về quan điểm như: all right, yes, of course (áp dụng cấu trúc sau):

S + agreed + to V...

Eg: "All right, I'll wait for you" He said.

=> He agreed to wait for me.

9.Câu trực tiếp diễn tả điều mong muốn như: would like, wish.Khi chuyển gián tiếp áp dụng cấu trúc:

S + wanted + O + to V + ...

Eg: "I'd like Trung to be a famous person."Trung's English teacher.

=> Trung's English teacher wanted him to be a famous person.

10. Từ chối : S + refused + to V + ...

Eg: 'No, I won't lend you my car"

=> He refused to lend me his car.

11. Lời hứa: S + promised to V + .....

Eg: 'I'll send you a card on your birthday"

=> He promised to send me a card on my birthday.

12. Cảm ơn,xin lỗi:

a, Cảm ơn: S + thanked ( + O) (for + V-ing/ st) + .....

Eg: "It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much," Tom said to you.

=>Tom thanked me for helping him.

b, Xin lỗi: S + apologized ( + to O) + for ( + not) + (V-ing/ st) + .......

Eg: "I'm sorry I'm late," Peter said.

=>Peter apologized for being late.

13.Chúc mừng:

S + congratulated + O + on + V-ing/ st + ......

Eg: John said, "I heard you received the scholarship. Congratulations!"

---> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship.

14. . Mơ ước:

S + dreamed + of + V-ing/ st + .....

15. Một số câu cần nhớ:

-She said, "Curse (nguyền rủa) this dog!" =>She cursed the dog.

-She said, "Luck!" => She wished me luck.

-She said, "Thank you very much!" => She thanked me very much.

-She said, "Congratulations!" => She congratulated me.

-She said, "Traitor (kẻ phản bội)/ Liar (kẻ dối trá)!"

=> She called me a traitor/ liar.

-She said, "Happy Christmas!" => She wished me a happy Christmas.

-She said, "Hell! (chết tiệt)" => She swore (chửi rủa).

-The notice said: "Welcome to Edinburgh" => The notice welcomed visitors to Edinburgh.

-"Good!" he exclaimed =>He gave an exclamation of pleasure/ satisfaction.