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A. VOCABULARY Words and phrases related to cities and smart living 1. Complete the sentences with the words given. skyscrapers city dwellers roof garden high-rise urban centres public transport traffic jam infrastructure smart city private vehicles 1. High-rise apartment buildings now stood where his childhood home had been. 2. Most transport investment has gone on road construction and not on public transport. 3. Some people think that in order to deal with the problem of congestion in cities, private vehicles should be banned in city centres while others consider this to be an unrealistic solution. 4. The war has badly damaged the country's infrastructure. 5. A smart city uses information and communication technology to improve operational efficiency, share information with the public and provide a better quality of government service and citizen welfare. 6. The restaurant is at the top of one of the big downtown skyscrapers. 7. In 2021, nearly three in four Canadians lived in one of Canada's large urban centres. 8. The design of this roof garden is like an outdoor living room with cushy furniture, wall art, lighting and enough green cover to turn it into a cosy spot. 9. City dwellers have a higher death rate than that of country people. 10. I was stuck in a traffic jam for an hour yesterday. II. Fill in each blank in the following sentences with the correct word/phrase below. sustainable optimistic infrastructure quality of life city dwellers detects renewable urban overcrowded inhabitants 1. Most of the population growth we will see in 2050 will be in cities that don't even exist yet in Africa, Southeast Asia, China, Central and South America. 2. In fact, India is projected to add 404 million urban inhabitants to its population by 2050. 3. London has recently started a new traffic light system that detects when a lot of cyclists are approaching and stays green longer to aid traffic flow. 4. The city of the future should have the infrastructure and transportation which link the needs of citizens of all generations. 5. Songdo is unique, offering city dwellers something they have never had access to before. 6. The city officials are optimistic that the downtown will continue to be a green population center. 7. This rapid growth of the population has caused daunting problems for city planners, such as overcrowded roads. 8. It comes as no surprise that Seattle is the gold standard of sustainable city living. 9. New York City is expected to increase its renewable energy capacity by 50% by 2050. 10. Our communities will be cleaner and more sustainable, so quality of life will be better. III. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word / phrase below. classes dustbins qualities developers display appliances infrastructure technologies underground Up to now, Songdo has completed about 60 percent of its planned infrastructure and buildings, developers say, and reached a population of about 70,000-a third of the number expected by 2028, when the city may be finished. One morning, we found ourselves at Songdo's waste-management center where we watched a video about the city's garbage-removal system. Narrated like a Hollywood film, it explained that all of Songdo's trash is sucked into underground pipes, and is automatically sorted and recycled, buried, or burned for fuel. These pipes connect all apartment buildings and offices; consequently, there are no street-corner dustbins or garbage trucks. Next, at a nearby office building, we learned about Songdo's so-called "telepresence" system, which is currently being tested by 100 of the city's residents. The system allows Songdo residents to sit in front of custom television screens and chat with English classes instructors elsewhere in Korea, or take fitness form. Finally, we visited Cisco's Global Innovation Lab, where more technologies-in-development were on display, including mobile phone-controlled home appliances and even micro-chip tracking of Songdo's children so they don't get lost. These technologies and other qualities were being pitched to the Songdo government by Cisco, but had not been adopted yet, meaning that for the time being at least, the city's children were free to sneak over to friend's houses without fear of surveillance. Tourists often seek out history and natural beauty, but here is a history-less and especially unnatural city. These qualities, in many ways, actually make Songdo appealing.