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Here are the answers to the given exercises: 1. She realized she had forgotten her passport when she reached the airport. 2. Had they studied the entire syllabus before the exams started? 3. We had finished our dinner by the time our friends showed up. 1. I have never tried the tuk-tuk before. -> This is the first time I've tried the tuk-tuk. 2. He started working here ten years ago. -> He has been working here for ten years. 3. Tom is used to driving to work in this bustling city. -> Tom has no difficulty driving to work in this bustling city. 4. The plane had departed before her arrival at the airport. -> By the time she arrived at the airport, the plane had departed. 5. To live alone in a foreign country is challenging for him. -> He finds it challenging to live alone in a foreign country. 6. The economic growth led to the introduction of motorbikes because of their speed and convenience. (passive) -> As a result of economic growth, motorbikes were introduced because of their speed and convenience. 7. Bob was repairing his bicycle. Suddenly, the light went out. -> While Bob was repairing his bicycle, the light suddenly went out. 8. They finished their homework. Then they went out to play football. -> By the time they finished their homework, they went out to play football. (However, a more accurate rewording would be: 'After they finished their homework, they went out to play football.') 9. The tourists want to know how they should get to the Great Barrier Reef. -> The tourists want to know the way to the Great Barrier Reef. 10. My grandpa wants to know when he should arrive at the airport. -> My grandpa wants to know the arrival time at the airport. 11. Someone forgot to turn off the light last night, didn't they? -> No one remembered to turn off the light last night, did they? (However, the correct rewording would be: 'No one turned off the light last night, did they?') 12. You last met Ann three years ago, didn't you? -> You haven't met Ann for three years, have you? 13. Anna doesn't live with her parents any more. -> Anna used to live with her parents. 14. There were traffic jams in this street during rush hours, but now the street has become wider. -> There used to be traffic jams in this street during rush hours, but now the street has become wider.