To answer the questions, let's analyze the pronunciation of each word.
Question 1:
The words 'mud', 'numerous', 'suddenly' have the "ə" sound which is pronounced as schwa (/ə/). However, 'thunderstorm' has the same "ə" sound. So we have to look at another aspect, the stress. In 'mud', the stress is on the only syllable it has (mud: məd), but 'numerous' and 'suddenly' both have their stress on the first syllable, and 'thunderstorm' has its stress on the first syllable too. However, 'mud' doesn't have the prefix as the other three options, which in turn can lead us to the "ˈ" sign. In this case, it doesn't matter since "ˈ" only shows us the location of the stress. We now check how the four options end: 'mud' ends in /əd/, 'suddenly' ends in /əli/, 'numerous' ends in /ərəs/, 'thunderstorm' ends in /ərstɔrm/. Now, we see that 'numerous', 'suddenly', and 'thunderstorm' end in /ərəs/, /əli/, and /ərstɔrm/ respectively but 'mud' doesn't. It ends in /əd/. But 'thunderstorm' has the /ər/ sound. So the underlined parts we have for 'mud', 'suddenly', 'thunderstorm' and 'numerous' are 'ud', 'denly', 'derstorm', and 'umerous'. Now we find out that 'ud' has a 'u' but 'denly', 'derstorm' and 'umerous' have an 'e'. But 'mud' has a /ə/ but the other three don't at the end. However, 'mud' has a 'u' but 'suddenly' has an 'e', and 'mud' has a 'u' but 'thunderstorm' has an 'e'. 'mud' has a 'u' but 'numerous' has an 'e'. So 'mud' is different from 'numerous', 'suddenly' and 'thunderstorm' because it has a 'u'. And 'numerous', 'suddenly', 'thunderstorm' are different from 'mud' because they have an 'e'.
The correct answer for question 1 is A.
Question 2:
In 'polluted', the stress is on the second syllable, 'lu', and 'reduced' has its stress on the second syllable too, 'du'. But 'washed' and 'danced' both have their stress on the only syllable they have, 'washed' has a stress on 'washed', 'danced' has a stress on 'danced'. Now 'polluted' has a "u" in "ˈlu" (polluted: pəˈlutɪd), but 'washed' has an "a" in "wɑʃt" (washed: wɑʃt), 'reduced' has a "u" in "ˈdu" (reduced: rɪˈdust), 'danced' has an "a" in "dænst" (danced: dænst). So 'polluted' has a "u" but 'washed' and 'danced' have an "a". But 'reduced' has a "u" like 'polluted'. However, 'polluted' and 'reduced' have a "u" but 'washed' and 'danced' have an "a". So 'polluted' and 'reduced' have the same letter "u" but 'washed' and 'danced' have an "a". But 'washed' has a sound of /ɑ/ (a with a curl), 'danced' has a sound of /æ/ (a with an e above it). 'washed' has a sound of /ɑ/ but 'danced' has a sound of /æ/. So 'washed' and 'danced' are different because they have /ɑ/ and /æ/. So 'polluted' has a /u/ but 'washed' has a /ɑ/, 'reduced' has a /u/ but 'danced' has a /æ/. 'polluted' and 'reduced' have a /u/ but 'washed' has a /ɑ/ and 'danced' has a /æ/.
The correct answer for question 2 is D.
Analyze:
'serious' stressed at first syllable
'habitat' stressed at first syllable
'quality' stressed at first syllable
'protection' stressed at second syllable
Therefore, 'protection' has a different stress position to other words.
Answer: D. protection
Analyze:
'general' stressed at first syllable
'property' stressed at first syllable
'disaster' stressed at second syllable
'fabulous' stressed at first syllable
Therefore, 'disaster' has a different stress position to other words, however 'disaster' is not the only option with different stress position to other words, 'general', 'property', 'fabulous' are stressed at first syllable, 'disaster' is stressed at second syllable, but 'general', 'property', 'fabulous' are stressed at first syllable, meanwhile 'disaster' is stressed at second syllable and so is 'protection' in previous questions.
Answer: C. disaster
D (This is likely the correct answer, as the statement seems to be providing factual information about a specific event. However, I will provide the typical multiple-choice options for clarity.)
A. Past simple
B. Past perfect
C. Past continuous
D. Simple past