To answer the questions, I will analyze the pronunciation of each word and identify the one whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation.
Question 1:
A. distance: ˈdɪstəns (stress on the first syllable, "dis-")
B. adult: ˈædəlt (stress on the first syllable, "ad-")
C. relevant: ˈrɛləvənt (stress on the first syllable, "re-")
D. obstacle: ˈɑbstəkəl (stress on the first syllable, "ob-")
The underlined part in all options has the same stress pattern. However, the vowel sound in the underlined part of "obstacle" is "ɑ" (open back unrounded vowel), while the vowel sound in the underlined part of the other options is different ("ɪ" in "distance", "æ" in "adult", and "ɛ" in "relevant"). Since the vowel sound is different, I would choose "obstacle". However, there is no clear difference in the pronunciation of the underlined part in the above analysis, but we will analyze it from another perspective. The underlined part in all options, except "obstacle", has a single vowel sound. The underlined part in "obstacle" has a vowel sound that consists of a diphthong (it isn't a diphthong but it has two vowel letters "o" and "a" combined together to form a single sound). Thus, it is still not clear which one differs, but we can now see the answer.
A, B, C stress the first part (dis, ad, re), while D stress the "ob".
Answer: D
Question 2:
A. expand: ɪkˈspænd (stress on the second syllable, "ex-")
B. complex: ˈkɑmplɛks (stress on the first syllable, "com-")
C. self-study: * (stress pattern unknown)
D. education: ɛʤəˈkeɪʃən (stress on the third syllable, "ed-u-cation")
The underlined part in options A and D has a stress pattern that differs from options B (and possibly C). The stress pattern in option B is similar to the one in question 1 (stress on the first syllable). Since option C is unknown, the answer cannot be C (the stress pattern might be similar to options B). Options A and D have a stress pattern that differs from option B. Between A and D, option A has a more straightforward stress pattern (stress on the second syllable). Option D has a stress pattern that puts the stress on the third syllable. Option B puts the stress on the first syllable. Thus option D has a more different stress pattern than option A.
Answer: D
Analyze:
'lifelong' stressed at first syllable
'martial' stressed at first syllable
'complex' stressed at first syllable
'informed' stressed at second syllable
Therefore, 'informed' has a different stress position to other words.
Answer: D. informed
Analyze:
'imprison' stressed at second syllable
'expensive' stressed at second syllable
'relevant' stressed at first syllable
'well-rounded' information not available, assume it's at first or second syllable. However, 'relevant' has the most clear difference if 'well-rounded' is stressed at second syllable.
Therefore, 'relevant' has a different stress position to other words.
Answer: C. relevant
Here are the correct answers to the questions:
5. B. Self-study
6. D. expand
7. A. governess
8. C. night school
9. B. distractions
10. D. learning communities
11. C. boost
12. B. Distance learning
13. B. imprison
14. A. adult education
Here are the rewritten sentences:
15. Jane reminded me to bring my ID cards for the event.
16. Mark advised me not to book tickets at that time.
17. My mother suggested that I find out more about the job I wanted to apply for.