4. Đề số 4 - Đề thi thử THPT Quốc Gia môn Tiếng Anh

Read the following passage and write the letter A, B, C or D on the top of the first page to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

       In 1972. a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The intent of this legislation was to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar to that existing for land areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas a marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. People are permitted to visit and observe there, but living organisms and their environments may not be harmed or removed.

       The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce. Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decades later, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after 1978. They range in size from the very small (less than 1 square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in California, extending over 15,744 square kilometers.

       The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new management practices in which whole communities of species, and not just individual species, are offered some degree of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in this way can a reasonable degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting that also maintains the natural interrelationships that exist among these species.

       Several other types of marine protected areas exist in the United States and other countries. The National Estuarine Research Reserve System managed by the United States government, includes 23 designated and protected estuaries. Outside the United States, marine protected-area programs exist as marine parks, reserves and preserves.

       Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Caribbean Sea. Others range from the well-known Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-known parks in countries such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef systems. As state, national, and international agencies come to recognize the importance of conserving marine biodiversity, marine projected areas whether as sanctuaries,parks, or estuarine reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving that diversity.

Question 1.  What does the passage mainly discuss? 

A. Differences among marine parks, sanctuaries, and reserves   

B. Various marine conservation programs 

C. International agreements on coastal protection   

D. Similarities between land and sea protected environments  

Question  2. The word “administered” the passage is closest in meaning to  ……

A. managed               B. recognized 

C. opposed                D. justified 

Question  3. The passage mentions the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in paragraph 2 as an example of a sanctuary that  ….

A. is not well known  

B. covers a large area                         

C. is smaller than the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary       

D. was not originally proposed for sanctuary status  

Question 4. According to the passage, when was the National Marine Sanctuaries Program established? 

A. Before 1972              

B. After 1987                              

C. One hundred years before national parks were established   

D. One hundred years after Yellowstone National Park was established 

Question  5. According  to the passage, all of the following are achievements of the National Marine Sanctuaries Program EXCEPT …..

A. the discovery of several new marine organisms  

B. the preservation of connections between individual marine species 

C. the protection of coastal habitats   

D. the establishment of areas where the public can observe marine life 

Question  6. The word “periphery” in the passage is closest in meaning to 

A. depth                      B. landmass

C. warm habitat           D. outer edge 

Question  7. The passage mentions which of the following as a threat to marine areas outside the United States? 

A. Limitations in financial support                

B. The use of marine species as food   

C. Variability of the climate                          

D. Increases in tourism 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks.

Question 8. He is sleeping in his mother’s house this week as he …..his house painted.

C. had                        D. has had

A. attending                B. attended

C. to attend                 D. to have attended

Question 10. I think it’s ….. to take a few more pictures.

A. enough light           B. lightly enough

C. light enough           D. enough as light

Question 11.  Flower oils are ….. of the ingredients used in making perfume.

A among expensive

B. among the most expensive

C. being most expensive

D. expensive

Question 12. ….I heard the phone ring, I didn’t answer it.

A. because                 B. Only if

C. Even though           D. Provided that

Question 13. Ann has a lot of books, …… she has never read.

A. most of that

B. most of these

C. most of which

D. which most of them

Question 14. My first school day was a ….. event in my life.

A. memory                  B. memorized

C. memorial                D. memorable

Question 15. If we didn’t …. any measures to protect whales, they would disappear forever.

A. use                          B. make

C. take                         D. do

Question 16. People who take on a second job inevitably ….. themselves to greater stress.

A. offer                       B. subject

C. field                        D. place

Question 17. One condition of this job is that you must be …… to work at weekends.

A. available                 B. capable

C. acceptable              D. accessible

Question 18. Could you lend me some money to ….. me over to the end of the month?

A. hand                       B. tide

C. get                          D. make

Question 19. It is the …..of stupidity to go walking in the mountains in this weather.

A. height                     B. depth

C. source                     D. matter

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

Question 20. -“ Would you mind lending me you bike?” – “ ……”

B. Not at all

C. Great

D. Yes, let’s

B. Never remind me

C. It’s my pleasure

D. Wish you

       In the course of its history, human inventions have dramatically increased the average amount of energy available for use per person. Primitive peoples in cold regions burned wood and animal dung to heat their caves, cook food, and drive off animals by fire. The first step toward the developing of more efficient fuels was taken when people discovered that they could use vegetable oils and animal fats in lieu of gathered or cut wood. Charcoal gave off more intensive heat than wood and was more easily obtainable than organic fats. The Greeks first began to use coal for metal smelting in the 4th century, but it did not come into extensive use until the Industrial Revolution.

       In the 1700s, at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, most energy used in the United States and other nations undergoing industrialization was obtained from perpetual and renewable sources, such as wood, water streams, domesticated animal labor, and wind. These were predominantly locally available supplies. By mid-1800s, 91 percent of all commercial energy consumed in the United States and European countries was obtained from wood. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, coal became a major energy source and replaced wood in industrializing countries. Although in most regions and climate zones wood was more readily accessible than coal, the latter represents a more concentrated source of energy. In 1910, natural gas and oil firmly replaced coal as the main source of fuel because they are lighter and, therefore, cheaper to transport. They burned more cleanly than coal and polluted less. Unlike coal, oil could be refined to manufacture liquid fuels for vehicles, a very important consideration in the early 1900s, when the automobile arrived on the scene.

       By 1984, non-renewable fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, provided over 82 percent of the commercial and industrial energy used in the world. Small amounts of energy were derived from nuclear fission, and the remaining 16 percent came from burning direct perpetual and renewable fuels, such as biomass. Between 1700 and 1986, a large number of countries shifted from the use of energy from local sources to a centralized generation of hydropower and solar energy converted to electricity. The energy derived from non-renewable fossil fuels has been increasingly produced in one location and transported to another, as is the case with most automobile fuels. In countries with private, rather than public transportation, the age of non-renewable fuels has created a dependency on a finite resource that will have to be replaced.

       Alternative fuel sources are numerous, and shale oil and hydrocarbons are just two examples. The extraction of shale oil from large deposits in Asian and European regions has proven to be labor consuming and costly. The resulting product is sulfur-and nitrogen-rich, and large scale extractions are presently prohibitive. Similarly, the extraction of hydrocarbons from tar sands in Alberta and Utah is complex. Semi-solid hydrocarbons cannot be easily separated from the sandstone and limestone that carry them, and modern technology is not sufficiently versatile for a large-scale removal of the material. However, both sources of fuel may eventually be needed as petroleum prices continue to rise and limitations in fossil fuel availability make alternative deposits more attractive.

Question 22. What is the main topic of the passage?

B. Natural resources and fossil fuels

C. A history of energy use

D. A historical review of energy rates

A. coal mining was essential for primitive peoples

B. the Greeks used coal in industrial productions

C.  the development of efficient fuel was a gradual process

D.  the discovery of efficient fuels was mostly accidental

Question 24. The author of the passage implies that in the 1700s, sources of energy were

B. used in various combination

C. not derived from mineral deposits

D. it could be converted to automobile fuel.

A. wood                      B. coal

C. most regions            D. climate zones

Question 26. According to the passage, what was the greatest advantage of oil as fuel?

A. it was a concentrated source of energy.

B. it was lighter and cheaper than coal.

C. it replaced wood and coal and reduced pollution.

D. it could be converted to automobile fuel.

Question 27. It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 20th centurgy, energy was obtained primarily from

A. Fossil fuels

B. Nuclear fission

C. Hydraulic and solar sources

D. Burning biomass

B. available in few locations

C. being explored

D. examined on a large scale