Task 4 - Read the article again and answer the questions - SHS Friends Global 11 page 42

1. Nội dung câu hỏi

1. How much more sleep does a young child need than an adolescent?

2. What's the difference between 'larks' and 'owls'?

3. Why is it better not to exercise early in the morning?

4. When do sportspeople think is a good time to try to break a record?

5. If you want to lose weight, which is more important: when you eat or how much you eat?

6. Why is it not a good idea to use gadgets such as tablets and mobiles late at night?

OW MUCH SLEEP DO WE NEED?

Young children need more sleep than adults and tend to wake up earlier. A typical ten-year-old needs about ten hours' sleep.

As you reach adolescence, your body clock changes. Most teenagers need about nine hours' sleep, but wake up later.

As an adult, you'll need about eight to eight and a half hours' sleep a night.

When we are much older, in our 70s and 80s, we're less able to sleep deeply and we usually need less sleep.

OUR PERSONAL BODY CLOCK

Each of us has our own personal body clock, which makes us more alert in the morning or more alert in the evening. You might be a 'lark' who likes to go to bed early and get up early, or you might be an 'owl' who prefers to go to bed late and get up late. Or somewhere in between.

A. 6AM-9A.M. Your body is waking up. It stops producing melatonin, the hormone which makes you feel sleepy. Blood vessels are stiffer and less flexible. Your blood is thicker and stickier s and your blood pressure is at its highest, so it's not the best time to exercise.

B. 9AM-12P.M. You're at your most alert at this time in the morning. Tests show that short-term memory is at its best right now.

C. 12 P.M.-3 P.M. Your stomach is full and working hard after lunch. You become much less alert and probably feel a bit sleepy. More road accidents happen at this time of day than at any other, particularly involving older 15 people.

D. 3P.M.-6PM. This is a very good time to exercise. Body temperature increases in the late afternoon. Your heart and lungs work better and muscles are six per cent stronger than at their lowest point in the day. Some sportspeople believe that if you try to break a world record at this time of day, you'll have a greater chance of success.

E. 6PM-9PM. By now you'll be getting hungry. But don't eat too late! In the evening, our bodies struggle to digest fats and sugars. Studies show that people will lose more weight if they have their main meal at lunchtime rather than in the evening. (But how much you eat is always more important than when you eat.)

F. 9PM-12AM. It's getting near to bedtime. Your body temperature is falling and your body clock is telling you that it's time for bed. Your body is producing lots of melatonin to help you go to sleep. It can o be difficult to sleep with the light on because light reduces the amount of melatonin in your body. Blue light is particularly effective at keeping us awake. And mobile phones, computer screens and flat-screen TVs emit large s amounts of blue light. So, turn off those gadgets!

G. A.M. - 3A.M. Your body really wants to be asleep. Melatonin reaches its maximum level. Your stomach has stopped working and your brain is at rest.

H. 3A.M.-6A.M. Melatonin levels are still high, and you are in deep sleep. Your body temperature is much cooler than at any other time of the day.

2. Phương pháp giải

Đọc bài viết một lần nữa và trả lời các câu hỏi.

3. Lời giải chi tiết

1. About one hour.

(Khoảng 1 tiếng đồng hồ.)

Thông tin: A typical ten-year-old needs about ten hours' sleep. - As you reach adolescence, your body clock changes. Most teenagers need about nine hours' sleep,

(Một đứa trẻ mười tuổi điển hình cần ngủ khoảng mười tiếng. - Khi bạn đến tuổi vị thành niên, đồng hồ sinh học của bạn thay đổi. Hầu hết thanh thiếu niên cần ngủ khoảng 9 tiếng,)

2. 'Larks' are people who like to go to bed early and get up early, while 'owls' are people who prefer to go to bed late and get up late.

('Chim sơn ca’ là người thích đi ngủ sớm và dậy sớm, còn 'cú' là người thích đi ngủ muộn và dậy muộn.)

Thông tin: You might be a 'lark' who likes to go to bed early and get up early, or you might be an 'owl' who prefers to go to bed late and get up late.

(Bạn có thể là một 'chim sơn ca' thích đi ngủ sớm và dậy sớm, hoặc bạn có thể là một 'cú vọ' thích đi ngủ muộn và dậy muộn.)

3. Because blood vessels are stiffer and less flexible at this time, and blood pressure is at its highest.

(Bởi vì lúc này các mạch máu cứng hơn và kém linh hoạt hơn, và huyết áp đang ở mức cao nhất.)

Thông tin: Blood vessels are stiffer and less flexible. Your blood is thicker and stickier s and your blood pressure is at its highest, so it's not the best time to exercise.

(Các mạch máu cứng hơn và kém linh hoạt hơn. Máu của bạn đặc hơn, dính hơn và huyết áp của bạn đang ở mức cao nhất, vì vậy đây không phải là thời điểm tốt nhất để tập thể dục.)

4. The late afternoon (3 PM-6 PM).

(Vào lúc chiều muộn (15:00-18:00).)

Thông tin: Some sportspeople believe that the late afternoon (3 PM-6 PM) is a good time to try to break a world record because body temperature increases at this time, and heart and lung function, as well as muscle strength, are at their best.

(Một số người chơi thể thao cho rằng chiều muộn (15:00 - 18:00) là thời điểm thích hợp để cố gắng phá kỷ lục thế giới vì lúc này nhiệt độ cơ thể tăng, chức năng tim, phổi cũng như sức mạnh cơ bắp ở trạng thái tốt nhất.)

5. How much you eat.

(Bạn ăn bao nhiêu.)

Thông tin: But how much you eat is always more important than when you eat.

(Nhưng bạn ăn bao nhiêu luôn quan trọng hơn bạn ăn khi nào.)

6. Because it makes it more difficult to sleep.

(Vì nó khiến bạn khó ngủ hơn.)

Thông tin: It is not a good idea to use gadgets such as tablets and mobiles late at night because they emit large amounts of blue light, which reduces the amount of melatonin in the body and makes it more difficult to sleep.

(Không nên sử dụng các thiết bị như máy tính bảng và điện thoại di động vào đêm khuya vì chúng phát ra lượng lớn ánh sáng xanh, làm giảm lượng melatonin trong cơ thể và khiến bạn khó ngủ hơn.)