[I] Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening and viewing content as effective as reading the written version? [II] According to researchers, the answers to both questions seem to be “no”. [III]
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than on screen, as confirmed by a cascade of research. [IV] The benefits of print is particularly notable when experimenters move from posing simple tasks like identifying the main idea in a reading passage to harder ones like such as inferring ideas. Many studies also show that although many students think they’ll get higher scores on a digital reading test, they actually score higher when they read printed passages. Some other studies asked how college students perceived their overall learning when they used print or digital reading materials, and the vast majority judged reading on paper as better for concentration, learning and remembering than reading digitally.
These major differences are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, we can actually touch the pages and words with our hands, and we also usually link our memory of details and ideas that we have read to how far into the book they were and or where they were on the page. Another possible factor is what researchers call the “shallowing hypothesis.” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with the same mindset as that when they browse social media sites, and devote less mental effort than when they read printed texts.
Meanwhile, psychologists have also demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to recordings with the same information. Researchers found similar results with university students reading an article versus listening to a podcast of the text, and a related study confirms that students lose focus more when listening to audio than when reading. Research on learning from video versus text echoes what we see with audio. For example, researchers in Spain found that fourth through sixth graders who read texts showed far more mental engagement with the material than those watching videos, and the authors suspect this is because they associate video with entertainment, not learning.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning, educators should never assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
(Adapted from theconversation.com)
Question 1: Where in paragraphs 1 and 2 does the following sentence best fit?
How does the retention rate of information compare between digital and print formats?
A. [I]B. [II]C. [III]D. [IV]
Question 2: The word cascade in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by _______.
A. flockB. armyC. hostD. crowd
Question 3: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason why reading on paper is generally more successful than reading on screen?
A. The physical properties of paper enhance memory retention.
B. Reading digital texts requires more mental effort than reading printed texts.
C. Students tend to think they will score better on digital reading tests.
D. Reading on paper helps with deeper cognitive engagement compared to digital texts.
Question 4: The word they in paragraph 3 refers to _______.
A. major differencesB. details and ideasC. pages and wordsD. physical properties
Question 5: Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?
A. The physical characteristics of paper enhance memory retention, while digital texts can lead to superficial reading.
B. Reading on paper is always better than reading on digital devices, regardless of the content being read.
C. Students are more likely to remember details when reading digital texts due to their interactive features.
D. People find it easier to concentrate when reading printed texts compared to digital formats because they can touch the pages.
Question 6: The word similar in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _______.
A. divergentB. consistentC. uniformD. enormous
Question 7: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. The results of learning through video and text are very different from those of audio learning.
B. Learning from video is more effective than learning from text, which is not different from audio learning.
C. Research comparing video learning to text learning reveals similar patterns found in audio learning studies.
D. The research on video learning does not align with the findings from audio studies.
Question 8: Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Most college students think reading digitally is less effective than reading on paper.
B. When reading on paper, we can connect our memory of ideas to where they are on a page.
C. Adults who read news stories can better remember the information that they obtain.
D. The study in Spain showed that students at all levels do not engage very well with videos.
Question 9: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. A lot of students usually underestimate their ability to accurately understand passages in tests.
B. For students in college, reading texts on screen could considerably reduce focus and memory.
C. If people stop using social media entirely, they will likely benefit more from reading digitally.
D. Fourth graders in Spain might engage more with videos if they believe videos are for learning.
Question 10: Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. Research indicates that digital texts, audio, and video are equally effective for learning, with no significant differences in comprehension among them.
B. Reading on paper enhances learning compared to digital formats, and comprehension from audio and video is generally lower than from written texts.
C. Listening and viewing content are superior methods for learning compared to reading printed texts, especially fỏ complex materials
D. While digital media has educational value, reading from paper is more effective for learning, and people tend to engage less with audio and video formats

Question

[I] Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening and viewing content as effective as reading the written version? [II] According to researchers, the answers to both questions seem to be “no”. [III] 
       When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than on screen, as confirmed by a cascade of research. [IV] The benefits of print is particularly notable when experimenters move from posing simple tasks like identifying the main idea in a reading passage to harder ones like such as inferring ideas. Many studies also show that although many students think they’ll get higher scores on a digital reading test, they actually score higher when they read printed passages. Some other studies asked how college students perceived their overall learning when they used print or digital reading materials, and the vast majority judged reading on paper as better for concentration, learning and remembering than reading digitally.
         These major differences are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, we can actually touch the pages and words with our hands, and we also usually link our memory of details and ideas that we have read to how far into the book they were and or where they were on the page. Another possible factor is what researchers call the “shallowing hypothesis.” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with the same mindset as that when they browse social media sites, and devote less mental effort than when they read printed texts.
        Meanwhile, psychologists have also demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to recordings with the same information. Researchers found similar results with university students reading an article versus listening to a podcast of the text, and a related study confirms that students lose focus more when listening to audio than when reading. Research on learning from video versus text echoes what we see with audio. For example, researchers in Spain found that fourth through sixth graders who read texts showed far more mental engagement with the material than those watching videos, and the authors suspect this is because they associate video with entertainment, not learning.
        Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning, educators should never assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
(Adapted from theconversation.com)
Question 1: Where in paragraphs 1 and 2 does the following sentence best fit?
How does the retention rate of information compare between digital and print formats?
A. [I]​​​B. [II]​​​C. [III]​​​D. [IV]
Question 2: The word cascade in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by _______.
A. flock​​B. army​​C. host​​​D. crowd
Question 3: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason why reading on paper is generally more successful than reading on screen?
A. The physical properties of paper enhance memory retention.
B. Reading digital texts requires more mental effort than reading printed texts.
C. Students tend to think they will score better on digital reading tests.
D. Reading on paper helps with deeper cognitive engagement compared to digital texts.
Question 4: The word they in paragraph 3 refers to _______.
A. major differences​​B. details and ideas​​C. pages and words​​D. physical properties
Question 5: Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?
A. The physical characteristics of paper enhance memory retention, while digital texts can lead to superficial reading.
B. Reading on paper is always better than reading on digital devices, regardless of the content being read.
C. Students are more likely to remember details when reading digital texts due to their interactive features.
D. People find it easier to concentrate when reading printed texts compared to digital formats because they can touch the pages.
Question 6: The word similar in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _______.
A. divergent​​​B. consistent​​​C. uniform​​D. enormous
Question 7: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. The results of learning through video and text are very different from those of audio learning.
B. Learning from video is more effective than learning from text, which is not different from audio learning.
C. Research comparing video learning to text learning reveals similar patterns found in audio learning studies.
D. The research on video learning does not align with the findings from audio studies.
Question 8: Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Most college students think reading digitally is less effective than reading on paper.
B. When reading on paper, we can connect our memory of ideas to where they are on a page.
C. Adults who read news stories can better remember the information that they obtain.
D. The study in Spain showed that students at all levels do not engage very well with videos.
Question 9: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. A lot of students usually underestimate their ability to accurately understand passages in tests.
B. For students in college, reading texts on screen could considerably reduce focus and memory.
C. If people stop using social media entirely, they will likely benefit more from reading digitally.
D. Fourth graders in Spain might engage more with videos if they believe videos are for learning.
Question 10: Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. Research indicates that digital texts, audio, and video are equally effective for learning, with no significant differences in comprehension among them.
B. Reading on paper enhances learning compared to digital formats, and comprehension from audio and video is generally lower than from written texts.
C. Listening and viewing content are superior methods for learning compared to reading printed texts, especially fỏ complex materials
D. While digital media has educational value, reading from paper is more effective for learning, and people tend to engage less with audio and video formats

Accepted Answer

1. B. [II]
2. A. flock
3. B. Reading digital texts requires more mental effort than reading printed texts.
4. D. physical properties
5. A. The physical characteristics of paper enhance memory retention, while digital texts can lead to superficial reading.
6. A. divergent
7. C. Research comparing video learning to text learning reveals similar patterns found in audio learning studies.
8. A. Most college students think reading digitally is less effective than reading on paper.
9. B. For students in college, reading texts on screen could considerably reduce focus and memory.
10. D. While digital media has educational value, reading from paper is more effective for learning, and people tend to engage less with audio and video formats.

[I] Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening and viewing content as effective as reading the written version? [II] According to researchers, the a...