Khi tôi tỉnh đậy, tội thầy mình nằm trên con đỏ ngang. Ngồi bên cạnh tôi là một phụ nữ khăn trùm kín mặt. Đôi mắt to đen nhìn tôi mừng rõ: - Thể là tỉnh rồi....Em ăn một tí cháo nhé? Tôi cố nhóm dậy, b...

The following are some of the ways in which the story "Con Trâu Đen" shows the limitations and biases of human perception and understanding:

1. Limited knowledge: The narrator's perspective is limited by his own experience and understanding. He only knows what he has seen or heard from others. For example, when the narrator first encounters the black bull, he assumes it is a ghost because he has never seen such a creature before. This limitation leads him to misunderstand the situation and create confusion for himself and the reader.
2. Subjective interpretation: The narrator's perceptions and interpretations are influenced by his own beliefs, values, and experiences. For instance, the narrator interprets the black bull as a symbol of evil and danger due to his fear of the unknown. His prejudices lead him to misjudge the true nature of the beast and its role in the story.
3. Emotional bias: The narrator's feelings and emotions play a significant role in shaping his perceptions and judgments. When the narrator sees the black bull attacking people, he becomes frightened and angry, leading him to believe that the beast must be destroyed. This emotional reaction clouds his judgment and prevents him from seeing the truth about the black bull.
4. Lack of objectivity: The narrator's point of view is not objective; instead, it is colored by his own personal views and opinions. For example, the narrator does not consider other possible explanations for the behavior of the black bull, such as hunger or territorial disputes. Instead, he immediately jumps to conclusions based on his own assumptions and fears.
5. Misunderstanding: The narrator often fails to understand the true nature of events and characters around him. For instance, he mistakenly believes that the black bull is a demonic force when in fact it is just a wild animal driven by instinct. This misunderstanding leads to unnecessary violence and suffering.
6. Inability to learn: Despite all the evidence against his initial assumptions, the narrator remains stubbornly closed-minded and refuses to change his opinion. He continues to blame the black bull for everything even after witnessing its heroic deeds. This lack of openness to new information limits his ability to comprehend the complexities of life and the world around him.
7. Fear of the unknown: The narrator's fear of the unknown plays a major role in determining his actions and decisions. For example, when the black bull appears again at the end of the story, the narrator panics and tries to kill it without considering any alternatives. Fear prevents him from exploring possibilities and seeking solutions that might have led to a better outcome.
8. Lack of compassion: The narrator's lack of compassion towards the black bull results in his cruelty and violence. He treats the beast with disdain and contempt, even though it posed no threat to him. Had the narrator shown more empathy and understanding, he could have found a peaceful solution to their conflict.
9. Ignorance: The narrator's ignorance about the black bull's true nature leads him to make wrongful assumptions and take drastic measures. If he had taken the time to study and understand the black bull, he would have realized that it was not a monster but rather a misunderstood creature.
10. Social conditioning: The narrator's perceptions and behaviors are shaped by social norms and expectations. For example, he feels obligated to protect his village and its people, even if it means harming another being. Social conditioning causes him to prioritize the needs of his community over those of individuals, leading to a narrow-minded approach to problem solving.