I'll analyze the pronunciation of each word and find the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation.
1. A. depend: dɪˈpɛnd, B. relation: riˈleɪʃən, C. gender: ˈʤɛndər, D. region: ˈriʤən
The word that differs is C. gender (the stress pattern and the sound /ʤ/ differ from the other three).
2. A. area: ˈɛriə, B. lunar: ˈlunər, C. parade: pəreɪd, D. water: ˈwɔtər
The word that differs is C. parade (the stress pattern and the sound /ə/ differ from the other three).
3. A. propose: prəˈpoʊz, B. promote: prəˈmoʊt, C. opening: ˈoʊpənɪŋ, D. working: ˈwərkɪŋ
The word that differs is D. working (the stress pattern and the sound /w/ differ from the other three).
4. A. qualified: kˈwɑləfaɪd, B. issue: ˈɪʃu, C. right: raɪt, D. skill: skɪl
The word that differs is A. qualified (the stress pattern and the sound /kˈw/ differ from the other three).
5. A. propose: prəˈpoʊz, B. present: ˈprɛzənt, C. represent: rɛprɪˈzɛnt, D. scare: skɛr
The word that differs is D. scare (the stress pattern and the sound /sk/ differ from the other three).
6. A. splash: splæʃ, B. start: stɑrt, C. dancing: ˈdænsɪŋ, D. participate: pɑrˈtɪsəpeɪt
The word that differs is A. splash (the stress pattern and the sound /spl/ differ from the other three).
7. A. contribution: kɑntrəˈbjuʃən, B. problem: ˈprɑbləm, C. prosperity: prɑˈspɛrəti, D. development: dɪˈvɛləpmənt
The word that differs is B. problem (the stress pattern and the sound /pr/ differ from the other three).
8. A. calendar: ˈkæləndər, B. represent: rɛprɪˈzɛnt, C. exchange: ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ, D. ancestor: ˈænsɛstər
The word that differs is C. exchange (the stress pattern and the sound /ɪks/ differ from the other three).
9. A. volunteer: vɑlənˈtɪr, B. lunar: ˈlunər, C. cultural: ˈkəlʧərəl, D. current: ˈkɑrənt
The word that differs is B. lunar (the stress pattern and the sound /lun/ differ from the other three).
10. A. association: əsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, B. representative: rɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv, C. equality: ɪkˈwɑləti, D. volunteering: vɔlənˈtɪrɪŋ
The word that differs is C. equality (the stress pattern and the sound /ɪk/ differ from the other three).
11. A. global: ˈgloʊbəl, B. polar: ˈpoʊlər, C. impact: ˈɪmpækt, D. human: ˈjumən
The word that differs is D. human (the stress pattern and the sound /jum/ differ from the other three).
12. A. leaflet: ˈliflət, B. release: riˈlis, C. progress: ˈprɑgrɛs, D. emission: ɪˈmɪʃən
The word that differs is D. emission (the stress pattern and the sound /ɪm/ differ from the other three).
13. A. balance: ˈbæləns, B. farming: ˈfɑrmɪŋ, C. landfill: ˈlændfɪl, D. natural: ˈnæʧərəl
The word that differs is B. farming (the stress pattern and the sound /fɑrm/ differ from the other three).
14. A. increase: ˈɪnkris, B. environment: ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, C. climate: ˈklaɪmɪt, D. rising: ˈraɪzɪŋ
The word that differs is B. environment (the stress pattern and the sound /ɪn/ differ from the other three).
15. A. annual: ˈænjuəl, B. fuel: fjuəl, C. human: ˈjumən, D. out: aʊt
The word that differs is D. out (the stress pattern and the sound /aʊt/ differ from the other three).
16. A. effects: ˈifɛkts, B. nations: ˈneɪʃənz, C. pollutants: pəˈlutənts, D. caps: kæps
The word that differs is D. caps (the stress pattern and the sound /kæps/ differ from the other three).
17. A. consequence: ˈkɑnsəkwəns, B. conference: ˈkɑnfərəns, C. carbon: ˈkɑrbən, D. deforestation: dɪfɔrɪˈsteɪʃən
The word that differs is D. deforestation (the stress pattern and the sound /dɪf/ differ from the other three).
18. A. release: riˈlis, B. increase: ˈɪnkris, C. greenhouse: ˈgrinhaʊs, D. cause: kɔz
The word that differs is D. cause (the stress pattern and the sound /kɔz/ differ from the other three).
19. A. greenhouse: ˈgrinhaʊs, B. energy: ˈɛnərʤi, C. gas: gæs, D. progress: ˈprɑgrɛs
The word that differs is C. gas (the stress pattern and the sound /gæs/ differ from the other three).
20. A. temperature: ˈtɛmpərəʧər, B. pollutant: pəˈlutənt, C. deforestation: dɪfɔrɪˈsteɪʃən, D. atmosphere: ˈætməsfɪr
The word that differs is D. atmosphere (the stress pattern and the sound /ætm/ differ from the other three).
I'll analyze each set of words and answer the questions.
1. A. promote B. problem C. relation D. exchange
Analyze: 'promote' stressed at second syllable, 'problem' stressed at first syllable, 'relation' stressed at second syllable, 'exchange' stressed at second syllable
Answer: B. problem
2. A. qualified B. gender C. bamboo D. water
Analyze: 'qualified' stressed at first syllable, 'gender' stressed at first syllable, 'bamboo' stressed at second syllable, 'water' stressed at first syllable
Answer: C. bamboo
3. A. ancestor B. calendar C. language D. equality
Analyze: 'ancestor' stressed at first syllable, 'calendar' stressed at first syllable, 'language' stressed at first syllable, 'equality' stressed at second syllable
Answer: D. equality
4. A. leadership B. prosperity C. scholarship D. compliment
Analyze: 'leadership' stressed at first syllable, 'prosperity' stressed at second syllable, 'scholarship' stressed at first syllable, 'compliment' stressed at first syllable
Answer: B. prosperity
5. A. celebration B. proposal C. community D. related
Analyze: 'celebration' stressed at third syllable, 'proposal' stressed at second syllable, 'community' stressed at second syllable, 'related' stressed at second syllable
Answer: A. celebration
6. A. depend B. apply C. current D. support
Analyze: 'depend' stressed at second syllable, 'apply' stressed at second syllable, 'current' stressed at first syllable, 'support' stressed at second syllable
Answer: C. current
7. A. qualify B. issue C. lunar D. parade
Analyze: 'qualify' stressed at first syllable, 'issue' stressed at first syllable, 'lunar' stressed at first syllable, 'parade' stressed at second syllable
Answer: D. parade
8. A. propose B. honour C. region D. strengthen
Analyze: 'propose' stressed at second syllable, 'honour' stressed at first syllable, 'region' stressed at first syllable, 'strengthen' stressed at first syllable
Answer: A. propose
9. A. language B. ancestor C. qualified D. volunteer
Analyze: 'language' stressed at first syllable, 'ancestor' stressed at first syllable, 'qualified' stressed at first syllable, 'volunteer' stressed at third syllable
Answer: D. volunteer
10. A. contribution B. volunteering C. represent D. festivity
Analyze: 'contribution' stressed at third syllable, 'volunteering' stressed at third syllable, 'represent' stressed at third syllable, 'festivity' stressed at second syllable
Answer: D. festivity
11. A. balance B. carbon C. effect D. increase
Analyze: 'balance' stressed at first syllable, 'carbon' stressed at first syllable, 'effect' stressed at second syllable, 'increase' stressed at second syllable
Answer: A. balance