[Tổng hợp] Kiến thức về Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành là một trong 12 thì ngữ pháp quan trọng trong tiếng Anh. Tuy nhiên không ít người học tiếng Anh không nắm rõ cách dùng của loại thì này. Vì vậy bài viết sau đây sẽ cung cấp định nghĩa, cách dùng, cấu trúc, cách nhận biết của thì này.

Công thức của thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Cách sử dụng của thì hiện tại hoàn thành 

Đây là thì tiếng anh có thể nói là đa năng nhất vì sử dụng được trong rất nhiều tình huống:

* Lưu ý: Cần phân biệt giữa thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì quá khứ đơn

Trước hết, cần hiểu là thì Hiện tại hoàn thành và thì Quá khứ đơn đều chỉ một sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ. Điều tạo ra sự khác biệt giữa 2 thì này là “mục đích diễn đạt” của người nói.

Xét ví dụ sau:

• I did my homework yesterday.
• I have done my homework.

Hai câu đều chỉ hành động ‘làm bài tập’ đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, nhưng câu viết dưới dạng Quá khứ đơn nhấn mạnh một hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm tách biệt trong quá khứ thường gắn liền với mốc thời gian cụ thể.

Trái lại, câu viết bằng Hiện tại hoàn thành cho thấy rằng việc làm bài tập này có một liên kết nhất định với ngữ cảnh trong thời điểm nói. Có thể là giáo viên đang hỏi nhân vật tôi đã làm bài tập về nhà chưa, nên hành động ‘đã làm’ có ý nghĩa với ngữ cảnh trong hiện tại:

• Teacher: Have you done your homework?
• Student: I have done my homework.

Trạng ngữ đi kèm

• Since + mốc thời gian (Kể từ) …: Since I was a child, I have loved drawing; Since 2012, he has worked at 3 companies.
• For/Over the past + khoảng thời gian (Được khoảng)…: He has made pizzas for 60 years.
• Until now / Up to now / So far (Cho đến nay): Up until now, he has planted 1000 trees.
• Recently / In recent years / Lately (Gần đây): In recent years, many animal species have become extinct.
• Just (vừa mới), Already (đã), yet (chưa): I've just finished cooking; I've already been to Australia 3 times; I have not done my homework yet.
• Before (trước đây): She has never cooked a proper meal before; My uncle has driven a truck before.

Bài tập thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Bài 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc 

1. My mother (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.

2. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have)……………………one since Monday.

3. Lan doesn’t live with her family now and we (not/see)……………………each other for five years.

4. I………………….just (realize)…………… that there are only five weeks to the end of term.

5. Thuy (finish) … reading three books this week.

6. We ….(be) in London many times.

7. It is the second time I…(travel) Da Lat.

Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai và sửa lại cho đúng 

1. I haven’t cutted my hair since last May.
.…………………………………………..

2. My mother has not working as a teacher for almost 5 years.
…………………………………………..

3. The lesson haven’t started yet.
…………………………………………..

4. Has the dog eat yet?
…………………………………………..

5. I am worried that I still hasn’t finished my housework yet.
…………………………………………..

6. I have just decided to start working next week.
…………………………………………..

7. Long has been at his computer since seven hours.
…………………………………………..

8. Thao hasn’t received any good news since a long time.
…………………………………………..

9. My brother hasn’t played any sport for last year.
…………………………………………..

10. I’d better have a shower. I hasn’t hadone since Sunday.
…………………………………………..

Bài 3: Sử dụng các động từ sau để hoàn thành câu 

1.Hoang _____ (drive) An to work today.

2. We _____ (work) all day and night.

3. They _____ (see) the new bridge.

4. She ____ (have) breakfast this morning.

5. Lan and Quang ____ (wash) the car.

6. Tony ____ (want) to go to Queensland for a long time.

7. My brothe ____ (lose) their keys.

8. My boy fiends ____ (be) to England.

Bài 4: Hoàn thành các câu sau sử dụng thể khẳng định hoặc phủ định 

1. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.

2. Some people (attend)………….the meeting right now.

3. I don’t keep in touch with Alan and we (not/call)……………………each other for 8 months. 

4. Where is your sister? She………………………(have) lunch in the kitchen.

5. Why are all these people here? What (happen)…………………………..?

6. I………………….just (realize)…………… that there are only three weeks to the final exam.

7. Hoa (finish) … the English course this week. 

8. We (have)……………………dinner in a restaurant right now.

Bài 5: Chọn đáp án đúng điền vào chỗ trống (A, B, C, D) 

1. When ____ to Quang Nam?

A. did you move

B. have you moved

C. you moved

D. had you moved

2. I want to meet her again because the last time I (see) her was 3 month ago.

A. seen

B. have seen

C. saw

D. see

3. I (not try) hot food before. It is quite strange to me.

A. haven’t try

B. haven’t tried

C. don’t try

D. didn’t try

4. Maybe Lan won’t come this afternoon. How long you (wait) for her?

A. have you wait

B. has you waited

C. have you waited

D. did you wait

5. Dung (start) (drive) to work 4 months ago because he (buy) a car.

A. starts – driving – will buy

B. started – driven – buys

C. has started – driving – bought

D. started – to drive – has bought

6. You are the most patient one I (know).

A. have known

B. have know

C. know

D. knew

7. When you (finish) the entrance exam?

A. did you finish

B. have you finished

C. did you finishes

D. did you finished

8. She (know) her mother since I (be) 7 years old because she was my neighbour.

A. have known – be

B. have known – was

C. knew – was

D. knew – were

9. I (read) her post three times but I still don’t understand what she means.

A. read

B. have read

C. reads

D. did read

10. Quan (marry) Ngoc 18 months ago.

A. married

B. marries

C. had married

D. will marry

Bài 6: Sắp xếp các từ để ghép thành câu hoàn chỉnh 

1. We/play/tennis/4 years.

2. She/go/the library/today.

3. My brother/move/a new house/near/his girlfriend’s flat.

4. Her teacher/not/explain/this lesson/yet.

5. This/good/film/I/ever/watch.

6. Quan/just/leave/office/3 hours.

7. They/write/a report/since/last Sunday?

8. you / answer / the question 

9. Tony / lock / the door 

Bài 7: Hoàn thành câu nghi vấn hoàn chỉnh với các gợi ý sau.

1. you/know/this travel plan

2. you/complete/that online course

3. you/visit/European countries

4. you/read/a book/you/put down

5. how long/you/work/at this company

6. you/ do/ maintain your health and fitness/recently

7. he/enough/information/do/ the homework

8. the world/change/you/ start/university

9. you/meet/celebrities

10. experiences/you/through/in your life

Bài 8: Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi.

1. It was the last time Mary went hiking, and that was two years ago.

=> Mary hasn't……………………………………………………………

1. He started learning Spanish in January.

=> He has…………………………………………………………………

1. It's been five years since I last visited Paris.

=> I haven't ………………………………………………………………

1. The last time we played tennis together was three months ago.

=> We haven't…………………………………………………………….

1. She last watched a movie in theaters on her birthday.

=> She hasn't…………………………………………………………….

1. The last time I saw her was at the party.

=> I haven't……………………………………………………………….

1. The last time they traveled abroad was in 2019.

=> They haven't……………………………………………………………

1. It's been ages since I ate sushi.

=> I haven't……………………………………………………………….

1. The last time we visited the beach was during summer vacation.

=> We haven't……………………………………………………………

1. The last time I read a book was two weeks ago.

=> I haven't……………………………………………………………….

Đáp án

Bài 1: 

1. hasn’t played

2. haven’t had

3. hasn’t seen

4. have just realized

5. has finished

6. have been

7. have traveled

Bài 2:

1. cutted => cut

2. working => worked

3. haven’t => hasn’t

4. eat => eaten

5. hasn’t => haven’t

6. Không sai

7. since => for

8. since => for

9. for => since

10. hasn’t => haven’t

Bài 3:

1. has driven

2. have worked

3. have seen

4. has had

5. have washed

6. has wanted

7. have lost

8. has been

Bài 4: 

1. hasn’t played

2. are attending

3. haven’t had

4. haven’t seen

5. is having

6. is happening

7. have just realized

8. has finished

Bài 5

1. A

2. C

3. B

4. C

5. D

6. A

7. A

8. B

9. B

10. A

Bài 6:

1. We have played tennis for 4 years.

2. She has gone to the library today.

3. My brother has moved to a new house near his girlfriend’s flat.

4. Her teacher hasn’t explained this lesson yet.

5. This is the good film I have ever watched.

6. Quan has just left the office for 3 hours.

7. Have they written a report since last Sunday?

8. Have you answered the question?

9. Has Tony locked the door?

Bài 7:

1. Since when have you known about this travel plan?

2. How long have you completed that online course?

3. Have you ever visited any European countries?

4. Have you never read a book that you didn't want to put down?

5. For how long have you been working at this company?

6. What have you done to maintain your health and fitness recently?

7. Has he had enough information to do the homework?

8. How has the world changed since you started university?

9. Have you ever met any celebrities before?

10. What experiences have you been through in your life?

Bài 8:

1. Mary hasn't gone hiking since two years ago.

2. He has been learning Spanish since January.

3. I haven't visited Paris for five years.

4. We haven't played tennis together for three months.

5. She hasn't watched a movie in theaters since her birthday.

6. I haven't seen her since the party.

7. They haven't traveled abroad since 2019.

8. I haven't eaten sushi for ages.

9. We haven't visited the beach since summer vacation.

10. I haven't read a book for two weeks.